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Eurojet EJ200

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EJ200
EJ200 on static display
Type Turbofan
National origin Multinational
Manufacturer EuroJet Turbo GmbH
First run 1991
Major applications Eurofighter Typhoon
Number built Over 1,400 as of the end of 2024
1.5 flying hours[1]
Eurofighter EF2000 with both EJ200s in full reheat
DECU/DECMU of a Eurojet EJ200D engine

The Eurojet EJ200 is a military low-bypass turbofan used as the powerplant of the Eurofighter Typhoon. The engine is largely based on the Rolls-Royce XG-40 technology demonstrator, which was developed in the 1980s. The EJ200 is built by the EuroJet Turbo GmbH consortium. The EJ200 is also used in the Bloodhound LSR supersonic land speed record attempting car.

Development

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Rolls-Royce XG-40

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Rolls-Royce began development of the XG-40 technology demonstrator engine in 1984.[2] Development costs were met by the British government (85%) and Rolls-Royce.[3]

On 2 August 1985, Italy, West Germany and the UK agreed to go ahead with the Eurofighter. The announcement of this agreement confirmed that France had chosen not to proceed as a member of the project.[4] One issue was French insistence that the aircraft be powered by the SNECMA M88, in development at the same time as the XG-40.[5]

Eurojet EJ200

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EJ200 displayed at ILA Berlin Air Show 2018

The Eurojet consortium was formed in 1986 to co-ordinate and manage the project largely based on XG-40 technology. In common with the XG-40, the EJ200 has a three-stage fan with a high pressure ratio, five-stage low-aspect-ratio high-pressure (HP) compressor, a combustor using advanced cooling and thermal protection, and single-stage HP and LP turbines with powder metallurgy discs and single crystal blades. A reheat system (afterburner) provides thrust augmentation. The variable area final nozzle is a convergent-divergent design.

EJ200 Mk100

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In December 2006, Eurojet completed deliveries of the 363 EJ200s for the Tranche 1 Eurofighters.

EJ200 Mk101

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Tranche 2 aircraft require 519 EJ200s.[6] As of December  2006, Eurojet was contracted to produce a total of 1,400 engines for the Eurofighter project.[7]

Landspeed record attempt

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An EJ200 engine, together with a rocket engine, will power the Bloodhound LSR for an attempt at the land speed record. The target speed is at least 1000 mph.[8]

Failed bids / cancelled programmes

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EJ230 - HAL Tejas

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EJ200 Thrust vectoring prototype

In 2009, Eurojet entered a bid, in competition with General Electric's F414, to supply a thrust vectoring variant of the EJ200 to power the Indian HAL Tejas Mk2 after both the indigenous Kaveri engine and the General Electric F404 used in prototypes and early production models proved to have insufficient performance. After evaluation and acceptance of the technical offer provided by both Eurojet and GE Aviation, the IAF preferred the EJ200 as it is lighter and more compact[9] but after the commercial quotes were compared in detail GE Aviation was declared as the lowest bidder.[10][11] A second consideration by HAL was industrial offsets, if local Eurojet engine production was set up for the Tejas it would make future Eurofighter aircraft bids to India cheaper and more competitive with the Tejas whereas it was assumed the US would not allow aircraft using the engine to be sold to India. However, in October 2020, Boeing offered to sell F/A-18 aircraft to the Indian Navy which uses the same GE F414 engine.[12]

TAI TFX

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On 20 January 2015 ASELSAN of Turkey and Eurojet Turbo GmbH signed a Memorandum of Understanding to collaborate on the EJ200 military turbofan engine programme.[13][14] It was envisaged that the collaboration would produce a derivative of the EJ200 with thrust vectoring for use in Turkey's TFX 5th generation air superiority fighter programme. However, the Eurojet EJ200 was not selected for the TFX program. Instead, the TFX will use the General Electric F110 engine until indigenous manufacture by TRMOTOR.[15]

KAI KF-21 Boromae

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England positioned the EJ200 on the KFX programme when the decision was made to use a twin-engine configuration, but South Korea ended up selecting the GE F414.

Liquid fly-back booster

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The Liquid fly-back booster programme was cancelled.

Variants

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EJ2x0

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Stage 1:

  • The EJ2x0 with 20% growth compared to the original EJ200. The EJ2x0 engine will have dry thrust increasing to some 72 kN (or 16,200 lbf) with a reheated output of around 103 kN (or 23,100 lbf).[16]

Stage 2:

  • The new engine plan to increase the output 30% more power compared to the original EJ200. The engine will have dry thrust of around 78 kN (or 17,500 lbf) with a reheated output of around 120 kN (or 27,000 lbf).[16]

Production

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Consortium Eurofighter

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The EJ200 production programme with the four participating Nations (Germany, UK, Italy and Spain) is contracted to produce 1400 engines for Eurofighter Typhoon.[17][18]

Prototype (26)
26 EJ200 supplied for the 13 prototypes [19]
Tranche 1 (363)
363 engines EJ200 Mk100[20][21]
  •  Austria (36)
    • The Austrian engines were purchased as part of the common Tranche 1 purchase of 363. The Austrian Air Force purchased 36 EJ200 Mk100.[22] The engines were modernised to Tranche 2 standard (EJ200 Mk101).[23]
  •  Germany
  •  Italy
  •  Spain
  •  United Kingdom
Tranche 2 (519)
519 engines EJ200 Mk101:[20]
Tranche 3 (241)
241 EJ200 Mk 101 for Tranche 3:[24]
Tranche 4 (163)
163 EJ200 orders for the Tranche 4:
  •  Germany (56)
    • 56 ordered in November 2020, following the order of 38 Eurofighter Quadriga by the German Air Force.[25] As of February 2024, 3 of this serie were manufactured.[26] 20 engines that are in service to be refurbished also included in contract.[27]
    • 20 Eurofighter to be ordered, the engines should be ordered soon.[28]
  •  Italy
    • 24 Eurofighter ordered, the engines should be ordered soon.[29]
  •  Spain (107)
    • 48 ordered in June 2022, following the order of 20 Eurofighter with the Halcon I programme.[30]
    • 59 ordered in December 2024, following the order of 25 Eurofighter with the Halcon II programme.[18]

Export

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 Kuwait (60)
With the purchase of 28 Eurofighter T3, Kuwait purchased 60 EJ200 (4 spares). The last 5 engines were supplied in 2023.[31]
 Oman (27)
With the purchase of 12 Eurofighter T3, Oman purchased 27 EJ200 (3 spares).[31]
In 2023, the 85% engine flight readiness of the engine was fulfilled.
 Qatar (50)
With the purchase of 24 Eurofighter T3, Qatar purchased 50 engines (2 spares). The last 10 engines were supplied in 2023.[31]
 Saudi Arabia (155)
Saudi Arabia ordered 155 engines for its fleet of 72 Eurofighter (24 T2 and 48 T3). The contract was completed by 2016.[22] In 2023, the 85% engine flight readiness of the engine was fulfilled.

Applications

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Specifications (EJ200)

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The compressor inlet, with both rotor and stator blades visible
Afterburner combustion devices are the spoked assemblies
cutaway

Data from Rolls-Royce plc[32]

General characteristics

  • Type: Afterburning turbofan
  • Length: 398.78 cm (157.00 in)
  • Diameter: 73.66 cm (29.00 in)
  • Dry weight: 988.83 kg (2,180.0 lb)

Components

  • Compressor: Axial, 3-stage LP, 5-stage HP
  • Combustors: Annular
  • Turbine: 1-stage LP, 1-stage HP

Performance

  • Maximum thrust: 60 kN (13,500 lbf) and 90 kN (20,200 lbf) (with reheat)
  • Overall pressure ratio: 26:1
  • Bypass ratio: 0.4:1
  • Air mass flow: 75–77 kg/s (165–170 lb/s)
  • Turbine inlet temperature: 1,800 K (1,527 °C; 2,780 °F)
  • Fuel consumption: 4,536–4,968 kg/h (10,000–10,950 lb/h) and 15,228–15,876 kg/h (33,570–35,000 lb/h) (with reheat)
  • Specific fuel consumption: 21–23 g/(kN⋅s) (0.74–0.81 lb/(lbf⋅h)) and 47–49 g/(kN⋅s) (1.66–1.73 lb/(lbf⋅h)) (with reheat)
  • Thrust-to-weight ratio: 6.11:1 and 9.17:1 (with reheat)

See also

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Comparable engines

Related lists

References

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Notes
  1. ^ "EUROJET signs contract for 59 engines to equip Spanish Eurofighter fleet". 20 December 2024. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
  2. ^ Donne, Michael (5 March 1984). "Rolls to develop engine for fighters". UK News. Financial Times. p. 8.
  3. ^ "Rolls Readies Demonstrator Engine For European Fighter Aircraft". Advanced Fighter Technology. Aviation Week & Space Technology. Bristol, England: McGraw-Hill. 23 June 1986. p. 105.
  4. ^ Lewis, Paul (3 August 1985). "3 European Countries Plan Jet Fighter Project". Business Day. The New York Times. p. 31.
  5. ^ Donne, Michael (3 August 1985). "Why three into one will go; Europe's new combat aircraft". Financial Times. p. 6.
  6. ^ "First Tranche II EJ200 Engine Delivered for Eurofighter Typhoon". defense-aerospace.com. Briganti et Associés. 16 July 2007.
  7. ^ "EUROJET delivers all 363 Tranche 1 Engines to schedule" (PDF) (Press release). Eurojet GmbH. 22 December 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2007.
  8. ^ "http://www.bloodhoundssc.com/fia-world-land-speed-record[permanent dead link‍]"
  9. ^ "IAF wants EJ200 engines for Tejas, but". 5 December 2009.
  10. ^ :: Bharat-Rakshak.com - Indian Military News Headlines :: Archived 11 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ "India picks GE's F414 for Tejas MkII fighter". Retrieved 3 October 2010.
  12. ^ "US proposes to sell F/A-18 fighter aircraft to Indian Navy". 29 October 2020.
  13. ^ "Turkey's ASELSAN inks deal with Eurojet for EJ200 engine | Brahmand News". Archived from the original on 25 January 2015. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
  14. ^ "ASELSAN Signs MoU with EUROJET". Archived from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
  15. ^ "General Electric beats Rolls-Royce to power Turkey's indigenous fighter jet". 31 October 2018.
  16. ^ a b "Eurofighter Technology and Performance : Propulsion". Archived from the original on 31 July 2010. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
  17. ^ "EUROJET delivers all 363 Tranche 1 Engines to schedule" (PDF) (Press release). Eurojet GmbH. 22 December 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2007.
  18. ^ a b "EUROJET signs contract for 59 engines to equip Spanish Eurofighter fleet". 20 December 2024. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
  19. ^ 1999-04-14T00:00:00+01:00. "EJ200 engine proposed for AMX". Flight Global. Retrieved 21 December 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  20. ^ a b "First Tranche II EJ200 Engine Delivered for Eurofighter Typhoon". defense-aerospace.com. Briganti et Associés. 16 July 2007.
  21. ^ "EUROJET delivers all 363 Tranche 1 Engines to schedule | Airframer". www.airframer.com. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
  22. ^ a b "Page 5 (PDF) - EUROJET Turbo Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Hallbergmoos" (PDF) (in German). 2024.
  23. ^ P.380 of the document https://oeffentlicherdienst.gv.at/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/EvalWFA-2020_WEB.pdf
  24. ^ Defaiya, Al (31 July 2009). "Al Defaiya | 9 billion euro contract for 112 Eurofighter Typhoons signed". www.defaiya.com. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
  25. ^ "EUROJET signs contract with NETMA for provision of 56 new EJ200 engines for the German Air Force". 11 November 2020.
  26. ^ "Luftwaffe erhält vierte Generation des Eurofighters". www.bundeswehr.de (in German). 14 February 2024. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
  27. ^ "Page 4 (PDF) - EUROJET Turbo Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Hallbergmoos" (PDF). 2024.
  28. ^ "Germany orders more Eurofighter EF2000 Typhoons". www.key.aero. 11 June 2024. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
  29. ^ "Italian parliament approves EUR 7.47 billion purchase of Eurofighter jets". 18 December 2024. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
  30. ^ armin (23 June 2022). "EUROJET signs contract with NETMA to provide 48 new EJ200 engines for the Spanish Air Force - Eurojet". Eurojet. Archived from the original on 19 May 2024. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
  31. ^ a b c "Page 6 (PDF) - EUROJET Turbo Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Hallbergmoos" (PDF). 2024.
  32. ^ "Rolls-Royce EJ200 Engine Data Fact Sheet". Rolls-Royce plc.
Footnotes
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